Chandipura Virus: Symptoms, Treatment, Transmission, and Mortality Rate
The re-emergence of the Chandipura virus remains a significant concern due to its high mortality rate, despite being a known pathogen.
Overview of Chandipura Virus
First identified during an encephalitis outbreak in the village of Chandipura, Maharashtra, in 1965, the Chandipura virus is an RNA virus belonging to the Rhabdoviridae family, known for causing encephalitic illnesses.
What Are the Symptoms of Chandipura Virus Infection?
The symptoms of Chandipura virus infection can vary from mild respiratory issues to more severe complications. Typical initial symptoms include:
- Fever
- Headaches
- Fatigue
- Muscle and body aches
- Vomiting
- Convulsions
Symptoms of Chandipura Virus Infection
Infection with the Chandipura virus is characterized by the sudden onset of high fever, severe headaches, nausea, and convulsions. In severe cases, patients may become unconscious, slip into a coma, and potentially succumb to the illness.
Treatment for Chandipura Virus Infections
Currently, there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine available for Chandipura virus infections. Management focuses on supportive care to alleviate symptoms and prevent further deterioration. Most patients require hospitalization, and those with severe neurological symptoms may need intensive care. Hydration is essential for recovery, and medications such as antipyretics and anticonvulsants may be administered to manage symptoms.
Transmission of Chandipura Virus
The exact transmission mechanism of the Chandipura virus is not fully understood. However, it is known to be a vector-borne disease transmitted through sandfly bites.
Mortality Rate of Chandipura Virus
Historical outbreaks indicate that Chandipura virus infections have a high mortality rate. During a 2003 outbreak, 189 out of 329 infected children in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra died. Subsequent sporadic outbreaks in 2009 and 2011 also resulted in several deaths. Additional outbreaks in Gujarat in 2014, 2016, and 2019 were more localized but still posed a significant health threat.
